Break the law

παρανομέω aor. subj. 2 pl. παρανομήσητε Tat.; ptc. pl. dat. παρανομήσασιν 4 Macc 8:14 (Hdt.+) break the law, act contrary to the law abs. (Thu. 3, 67, 5; Pla., Rep. 1, 338e; SIG 218, 21f; POxy 1106, 9; LXX) παρανομῶν κελεύεις in violation of the law you order Ac 23:3. οἱ παρανομοῦντες those who violate the law, the evil-doers (Diod S 1, 75, 2; Artem. 1, 54 p. 51, 21; Ps 25:4; 74:5; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 155) 1 Cl 14:4 (cp. Ps 36:38).—DELG s.v. νέμω. M-M. TW.

καταργέω fut. καταργήσω; 1 aor. κατήργησα; pf. κατήργηκα. Pass.: 1 fut. καταργηθήσομαι; 1 aor. κατηργήθην; pf. κατήργημαι (s. ἀργέω; since Eur., Phoen. 753; Polyb.; POxy 38, 7 [49/50 A.D.]; PFlor 176, 7; 218, 13; PStras 32, 7; 2 Esdr; TestSol [also PVindobBosw for 18:38]; AscIs 3:31; Just.).

① to cause someth. to be unproductive, use up, exhaust, waste of a tree κ. τὴν γῆν Lk 13:7 (cp. ἀργεῖ οὐδὲν ἀλλὰ καρποφορεῖ OdeSol 11:23).

② to cause someth. to lose its power or effectiveness, invalidate, make powerless fig. extension of 1 (so, above all, in Paul and the writings dependent on him; cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 7 κατάργησον τ. σώματος τὰς αἰσθήσεις; of the soul of Jesus: κ. τὰ ἐπὶ κολάσεσιν πάθη Iren. 1, 25, 1 [Harv. I 205, 4]) make ineffective, nullify τὴν πίστιν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s fidelity Ro 3:3. ἐπαγγελίαν Gal 3:17; cp. Ro 4:14; τὰ ὄντα κ. nullify the things that (actually) exist 1 Cor 1:28. τὸν νόμον make the law invalid Eph 2:15; cp. Ro 3:31 (RThompson, ETh 63, ’87, 136–48, on alleged rabbinic background; s. also ἵστημι A4). Also in B of the OT cultic ordinances, which have lost their validity for Christians 5:6; 9:4; 16:2.

③ to cause someth. to come to an end or to be no longer in existence, abolish, wipe out, set aside τὶ someth. τὰ τοῦ νηπίου set aside childish ways 1 Cor 13:11. Of God or Christ: God will do away with both stomach and food 6:13; bring to an end πᾶσαν ἀρχήν, ἐξουσίαν, δύναμιν 15:24. τὸν ἄνομον 2 Th 2:8. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ ἀνόμου put an end to the time of the lawless one (i.e., the devil) B 15:5. τὸν θάνατον break the power of death 2 Ti 1:10; B 5:6; pass. 1 Cor 15:26 (MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body [ 1 Cor 15], ’62, 117–19). τὸν τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου destroy the one who has power over death Hb 2:14. ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τ. ἁμαρτίας in order that the sinful body may be done away with Ro 6:6. In 2 Cor 3:14 the subject may be ἡ παλαιὰ διαθήκη or, more probably (despite some grammatical considerations), κάλυμμα; in the latter case the mng. is remove.—Pass. cease, pass away προφητεία, γνῶσις 1 Cor 13:8. τὸ ἐκ μέρους what is imperfect vs. 10. ἄρα κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ the cross has ceased to be an obstacle Gal 5:11. πᾶς πόλεμος καταργεῖται every war is brought to an end IEph 13:2. καταργούμενος doomed to perish of the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 Cor 2:6. Of the radiance on Moses’ face 2 Cor 3:7. Subst. τὸ καταργούμενον what is transitory vss. 11, 13.

④ to cause the release of someone from an obligation (one has nothing more to do with it), be discharged, be released. In our lit. pass. καταργοῦμαι ἀπό τινος of a woman upon the death of her husband κατήργηται ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τοῦ ἀνδρός Ro 7:2. Of Christians κ. ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου be released fr. the law vs. 6. Of those who aspire to righteousness through the law κ. ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ be estranged from Christ Gal 5:4.—Frisk s.v. 2 ἀργός; also DELG s.v. ἔργον. M-M. EDNT. TW.

⁺ V 2-1-5-10-15=33 Gn 42,27; Ex 3,5; Jos 5,15; Is 5,27; 14,17

A: to loose, to untie (bounds) [τι] Jb 39,5; to unbind, to unfasten, to open (a sack) [τι] Gn 42,27; to untie, to loose

M: to dishevel (hair) [τι] 3 Mc 1,4

ἐν τῷ λῦσαι τὸν νόμον when he opened the (book of the) law, when he explained or set forth the law 1 Ezr 9,46; οἳ ἔλυσαν μήτραν παρθένου who loosened, opened up the womb of a virgin (used euph- emistically of sexual intercourse) Jdt 9,2, cpr. Am 1,11

Cf. BASSER 1985, 297-300; HILL 1967, 49; MOORE 1985, 191; →TWNT

(→ἀναλύω, ἀπολύω, διαλύω, ἐκλύω, καταλύω, παραλύω, περιλύω, συλλύω, ὑπολύω,,)

συντρίβω fut. συντρίψω; 1 aor. συνέτριψα. Pass.: 2 fut. συντριβήσομαι; 2 aor. συνετρίβην; perf. inf. συντετρῖφθαι, ptc. συντετριμμένος (Eur., Thu.+)

① to cause destruction of someth. by making it come apart, shatter, smash, crush, of things (Diod S 14, 58, 3; 15, 86, 2; Arrian, Anab. 6, 9, 4; JosAs 13:10 cultic images; Ath., R. 9 p. 57, 26) ἀλάβαστρον break an alabaster flask Mk 14:3. πύλας χαλκᾶς shatter gates of brass (cp. PTebt 45, 21 [113 B.C.]) B 11:4 (Is 45:2). Pass. (Diod S 4, 62, 3 συντριβῆναι of a wagon; Jos., Bell. 1, 43; 90) of a reed be bent Mt 12:20 (cp. Is 42:3). Of fetters be broken Mk 5:4 (cp. Dionys. Hal. 6, 26, 3). Of bones be broken (Hippocr., Ep. 22, 3 ὀστέων συντριβομένων; TestJob 25:10; Himerius, Or. 69 [=Or. 22], 5 of Ibycus’ broken hand; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀμαζόνες: ς. τὰ μέλη of people) J 19:36 (Ps 33:21.—S. σκέλος, end). Of the tables of the law (Ex 32:19; Dt 9:17) B 14:3; cp. 4:8. Vessels (Ael. Aristid. 19, 7 K.=41 p. 765 D.; Aesop, Fab. 190 H. τὰ σκεύη συνέτριψε; SIG 1168, 82) are broken Rv 2:27 (cp. Ps 2:9) or break (intr.) 2 Cl 8:2. Of waves be dashed into foam 1 Cl 20:7 (Job 38:11).

② to cause damage to by mistreatment, mistreat/beat severely of persons mistreat, beat someone severely (Eur. et al.), also wear out, bruise (PPetr II, 4, 3, 5; PLips 38, 17) Lk 9:39.

③ to overcome by subduing completely, annihilate, crush enemies (Polyb. 5, 47, 1; 1 Macc 3:22 al.; PsSol 17:24; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] αἱ πόλεις σου συ(ν)τριβήσονται) ὁ θεὸς συντρίψει τὸν σατανᾶν Ro 16:20.

④ to be severely damaged psychologically, be broken pass., fig. of mental and emotional states (συντριβῆναι τῇ διανοίᾳ Polyb. 21, 13, 2; 30, 32, 11; Diod S 4, 66, 4 ταῖς ἐλπίσιν= their hopes were shattered; τοῖς φρονήμασιν Diod S 11, 78, 4.—Plut., Mor. 47a; 165b; LXX) καρδία συντετριμμένη (καρδία 1bε) 1 Cl 18:17b; B 2:10 (both Ps 50:19b). πνεῦμα συντετριμμένον 1 Cl 18:17a; 52:4 (both Ps 50:19a). οἱ συντετριμμένοι τὴν καρδίαν (Is 61:1; cp. Ps 33:19; 146:3) Lk 4:18 v.l.; B 14:9.—DELG s.v. τρίβω. M-M. TW.

ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ (Hes. et al. in the sense of ‘temperament’; also ‘anger, indignation, wrath’ (so Trag., Hdt.+)

① state of relatively strong displeasure, w. focus on the emotional aspect, anger GPt 12:50 (s. φλέγω 2). W. πικρία and θυμός Eph 4:31; cp. Col 3:8 (on the relationship betw. ὀργή and θυμός, which are oft., as the product of Hebrew dualism, combined in the LXX as well, s. Zeno in Diog. L. 7, 113; Chrysipp. [Stoic. III Fgm. 395]; Philod., De Ira p. 91 W.; PsSol 2:23; ParJer 6:23). W. διαλογισμοί 1 Ti 2:8. W. μερισμός IPhld 8:1. ἡ ἀθέμιτος τοῦ ζήλους ὀρ. the lawless anger caused by jealousy 1 Cl 63:2. ἀπέχεσθαι πάσης ὀρ. refrain from all anger Pol 6:1. μετʼ ὀργῆς angrily (Pla., Apol. 34c; Esth 8:12x; 3 Macc 6:23; JosAs 4:16 μετὰ ἀλαζονείας καὶ ὀργῆς) Mk 3:5; βραδὺς εἰς ὀρ. slow to be angry Js 1:19 (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 56 Socrates is called τραχὺς εἰς ὀργήν; but s. Pla., Phd. 116c, where S. is called πρᾳότατο ‘meekest’). ἐλέγχετε ἀλλήλους μὴ ἐν ὀρ. correct one another, not in anger D 15:3 (ἐν ὀργῇ Is 58:13; Da 3:13 Theod.). Anger ἄφρονα ἀναιρεῖ 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:2); leads to murder D 3:2. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται Js 1:20; originates in θυμός and results in μῆνις Hm 5, 2, 4.—Pl. outbursts of anger (Pla., Euthyphro 7b ἐχθρὰ καὶ ὀργαί, Rep. 6, 493a; Maximus Tyr. 27, 6b; 2 Macc 4:25, 40; Jos., Vi. 266) 1 Cl 13:1; IEph 10:2 (B-D-F §142; W-S. §27, 4d). JStelzenberger, D. Beziehgen der frühchristl. Sittenlehre zur Ethik der Stoa ’33, 250ff. S. also Ps.-Phocyl. 57f; 63f and Horst’s annotations 153, 155–57.

② strong indignation directed at wrongdoing, w. focus on retribution, wrath (Πανὸς ὀργαί Eur., Med. 1172; Parmeniscus [III/II B.C.] in the schol. on Eur., Medea 264 Schw. τῆς θεᾶς ὀργή; Diod S 5, 55, 6 διὰ τὴν ὀργήν of Aphrodite; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 29; SIG 1237, 5 ἕξει ὀργὴν μεγάλην τοῦ μεγάλου Διός; OGI 383, 210 [I B.C.]; LXX; En 106:15; TestReub 4:4; ApcEsdr 1:17 p. 25, 11 Tdf.; ApcrEzk pap. Fgm. 1 recto, 6 [Denis, p. 125]; SibOr 4, 162; 5, 75f; Philo, Somn. 2, 179, Mos. 1, 6; Just., D. 38, 2; 123, 3; oft. Jos., e.g. Ant. 3, 321; 11, 127; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21].—EpArist 254 θεὸς χωρὶς ὀργῆς ἁπάσης) as the divine reaction toward evil (παιδεύει ἡ καλουμένη ὀρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 72, 4) it is thought of not so much as an emotion (οὐ πάθος δʼ αὐτοῦ αὐτὴν [sc. ὀργὴν] εἶναί φαμεν Orig., C. Cels. 4, 72, 1) as the outcome of an indignant frame of mind ( judgment), already well known to OT history (of the inhabitants of Nineveh: οἳ τὴν ὀρ. διὰ μετανοίας ἐκώλυσαν Did., Gen. 116, 22), where it somet. runs its course in the present, but more oft. is to be expected in the future, as God’s final reckoning w. evil (ὀρ. is a legitimate feeling on the part of a judge; s. RHirzel, Themis 1907, 416; Pohlenz [s. below, b, end] 15, 3; Synes. Ep. 2 p. 158b).—S. Cat. Cod. Astr. V/4 p. 155.

ⓐ of the past and pres.: of judgment on the desert generation ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου (Ps 94:11) Hb 3:11; 4:3. In the present, of Judeans ἔφθασεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀρ. the indignation (ὀργή abs.= ὁρ. θεοῦ also Ro 12:19—AvanVeldhuizen, ‘Geeft den toorn plaats’ [Ro 12:19]: TSt 25, 1907, 44–46; [on 13:4; 1 Th 1:10]. Likew. Jos., Ant. 11, 141) has come upon them 1 Th 2:16 (cp. TestLevi 6:11; on 1 Th 2:13–16 s. BPearson, HTR 64, ’71, 79–94). Of God’s indignation against sin in the pres. ἀποκαλύπτεται ὀρ. θεοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν Ro 1:18 (JCampbell, ET 50, ’39, 229–33; SSchultz, TZ 14, ’58, 161–73). Of God’s indignation against evildoers as revealed in the judgments of earthly gov. authorities 13:4f (here ὀρ. could also be punishment, as Demosth. 21, 43). The indignation of God remains like an incubus upon the one who does not believe in the Son J 3:36 (for ἡ ὀρ. μένει cp. Wsd 18:20). Of the Lord’s wrath against renegade Christians Hv 3, 6, 1. The Lord ἀποστρέφει τὴν ὀρ. αὐτοῦ ἀπό τινος turns away (divine) indignation from someone (ἀποστρέφω 2a) Hv 4, 2, 6.—Of the wrath of God’s angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1.

ⓑ of God’s future judgment specifically qualified as punitive (ἐκφυγεῖν τὴν ὀρ. καὶ κρίσιν τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 16]) ἔσται ὀρ. τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ Lk 21:23; ἡ μέλλουσα ὀρ. Mt 3:7; Lk 3:7; IEph 11:1. ἡ ὀρ. ἡ ἐρχομένη 1 Th 1:10; cp. Eph 5:6; Col 3:6. σωθησόμεθα ἀπὸ τῆς ὀρ. Ro 5:9. οὐκ ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς εἰς ὀρ. God has not destined us for punitive judgment 1 Th 5:9. θησαυρίζειν ἑαυτῷ ὀργήν (s. θησαυρίζω 2b and PLond VI 1912, 77–78 ταμιευόμενος ἐμαυτῷ … ὀργήν and 81 εἰς ὀργὴν δικαίαν [opp. internal hostility, line 80]; s. SLösch, Epistula Claudiana 1930, 8. Claudius reserves to himself punitive measures against ringleaders of civil unrest; the par. is merely formal: in our pass. it is sinners who ensure divine indignation against themselves) Ro 2:5a. This stored-up wrath will break out ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς (s. ἡμέρα 3bβ) vs. 5b. Elsewhere, too, the portrayal of the wrath of God in Paul is predom. eschatological: ὀρ. καὶ θυμός (s. θυμός 2) Ro 2:8 (cp. 1QS 4:12); cp. 1 Cl 50:4; δότε τόπον τῇ ὀρ. Ro 12:19 (s. 2a above; τόπος 4). Cp. 9:22a. ἐπιφέρειν τὴν ὀργήν inflict punishment 3:5 (s. 13:4f under a above; s. Just., A I, 39, 2). Humans are τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς by nature children of wrath, i.e. subject to divine indignation Eph 2:3 (JMehlman, Natura Filii Irae etc. ’57). τέκνα ὀργῆς AcPlCor 2:19 (on gnostic opponents of Paul). Cp. σκεύη ὀργῆς κατηρτισμένα εἰς ἀπώλειαν objects of wrath prepared for destruction Ro 9:22b. Of the law: ὀργὴν κατεργάζεται it effects/brings (only) wrath 4:15.—In Rv the term is also used to express thoughts on eschatology 6:16; 11:18. ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τῆς ὀρ. αὐτῶν the great day of their (God’s and the Lamb’s) wrath (s. above) 6:17. On τὸ ποτήριον τῆς ὀρ. αὐτοῦ the cup of his wrath 14:10 and οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀρ. τοῦ θεοῦ 16:19; 19:15, s. θυμός 1 and 2 (AHanson, The Wrath of the Lamb, ’57, 159–80).—ARitschl, Rechtfertigung u. Versöhnung II⁴ 1900, 119–56; MPohlenz, Vom Zorne Gottes 1909; GWetter, D. Vergeltungsgedanke bei Pls1912; GBornkamm, D. Offenbarung des Zornes Gottes (Ro 1–3): ZNW 34, ’35, 239–62; ASchlatter, Gottes Gerechtigkeit ’35, 48ff; GMacGregor, NTS 7, ’61, 101–9; JHempel, Gottes Selbstbeherrschung, H-WHertzberg Festschr., ’65, 56–66. S. also κρίσις, end: Braun 41ff and Filson.—B. 1134. DELG 1 ὀργή. M-M. DLNT 1238–41. EDNT. TW.

⁺ V 2-21-22-9-10=64 Ex 21,8; Dt 21,14; Jgs 9,23; 1 Sm 2,17

to set at naught [τι] 1 Sm 2,17; to reject (the law) [τι] Ez 22,26; to revolt [abs.] 2 Kgs 8,20; to deal treacherously with, to break faith with [τινα] Dt 21,14; id. [εἴς τινα] 1 Kgs 12,19; id. [ἔν τινι] (semit., rendering Hebr.-ב בגד) Ex 21,8

*1 Sm 13,3 ἠθετήκασιν they have rebelled-עושׁפ for MT מעושׁי they have heard; *Is 27,4 ἠθέτηκα I have set (rebelliously)-עשׁפ? for MT עשׂפ I will step

neol.?

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992, 245; FERNÁNDEZ MARCOS 1994 56(1 Sm 13,3); HAUSPIE 2002, forth-coming;

HELBING 1928, 92-93; LE BOULLUEC 1989 216(Ex 21,8); LEE, J. 1969, 239; SPICQ 1978a, 47-48;

WALTERS 1973 256-257; →ADRADOS; NIDNTT; TWNT

προσρήσσω (on the relationship betw. ῥήσσω and ῥήγνυμι s. EFraenkel, Gesch. der griech. Nomina agentis II 1912, 40f; B-D-F §101 under ῥηγνύναι; Mlt-H. 403) fut. 2 sg. προσρήξεις (Ps. 2:9 Aq); 1 aor. προσέρηξα (on the form w.-ρρ-s. W-S. §5, 26b; Mlt-H. 193).

① to break into pieces upon striking against someth., break to pieces, shatter, trans. (Ps 2:9 Aq; Jos., Ant. 6, 182; 9, 91) pass. (schol. on Soph., Trach. 821 Papag.) w. dat. of thing be broken or wrecked on or against someth. (M. Ant. 4, 49, 1 ἄκρᾳ, ᾗ τὰ κύματα προσρήσσεται; Etym. Mag. p. 703, 20 προσρησσομένου τῇ γῇ ὕδατος; Ar. 16, 6 προσρήσσονται ἑαυτοῖς) ἵνα μὴ προσρησσώμεθα τῷ ἐκείνων νόμῳ that we might not be wrecked on their law B 3:6.

② to break in force against, burst upon intr., w. dat. of thing προσέρηξεν ὁ ποταμὸς τῇ οἰκίᾳ Lk 6:48; cp. vs. 49; Mt 7:27 v.l.—M-M s.v. προσρήγυμι.

ἐπιβάλλω (s. βάλλω) fut. ἐπιβαλῶ LXX; 2 aor. ἐπέβαλον, 3 pl. ἐπέβαλαν Mk 14:46 v.l.; Ac 21:27 v.l. (W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 208); pf. 2 sg. ἐπιβέβληκας Ex 20:25. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ἐπιβληθήσεται LXX; aor. 3 sg. ἐπεβλήθη LXX (Hom.+).

① to put on, trans., act.

ⓐ throw over τί τινι someth. on someone: βρόχον a noose 1 Cor 7:35 (perh. w. ref. to a halter that would help keep the wearers in check: ‘keep you on a tight rein’ REB). τί ἐπί τι Rv 18:19 v.l.

ⓑ lay on, put on ἱμάτιόν τινι (Lev 19:19.—Od. 14, 520 χλαῖναν) Mk 11:7; without the dat. 10:50 v.l. τὴν χεῖρα lay the hand (Dt 15:10) ἐπί τι on someth. Lk 9:62. τὰς χεῖρας hands τινί on someone violently (Polyb. 3, 2, 8; 3, 5, 5; Lucian, Tim. 4; UPZ 106, 19 [99 B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 491; Esth 6:2; Just., D. 95, 4) Mk 14:46; Ac 4:3. Also ἐπί τινα (PLeid G 19 [II B.C.], H 26) Mt 26:50; Lk 20:19; 21:12; J 7:44 (ἔβαλεν v.l.); Ac 5:18; 21:27 (Just., D. 93, 4 μέχρις … τοῦ Χριστοῦ ‘even on the Messiah’). The sing. τ. χεῖρα in this connection is rare (Aristoph., Nub. 933, Lysistr. 440; Gen 22:12; 2 Km 18:12) no one laid a hand on him J 7:30. ἐ. τὰς χεῖρας foll. by inf. of purpose Ac 12:1; ἐπίβλημα ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ Mt 9:16; ἐπὶ ἱμάτιον Lk 5:36.

② set to, intr., act.

ⓐ throw oneself or beat upon (Pla., Phdr. 248a; Polyb. 5, 18, 3; 1 Macc 4:2) break over τὰ κύματα εἰς τὸ πλοῖον the waves broke over the boat Mk 4:37.

ⓑ The mng. of καὶ ἐπιβαλὼν ἔκλαιεν Mk 14:72 is in doubt. Theophylact. offers a choice betw. ἐπικαλυψάμενος τ. κεφαλήν (so ASchlatter, Zürcher Bibel ’31; Field, Notes 41–43; but in that case τὸ ἱμάτιον could scarcely be omitted) and ἀρξάμενος, which latter sense is supported by the v.l. ἤρξατο κλαίειν and can mean begin (PTebt 50, 12 [112/111 B.C.] ἐπιβαλὼν συνέχωσεν=‘he set to and dammed up’ [Mlt. 131f]; Diogen. Cyn. in Diog. L. 6, 27 ἐπέβαλε τερετίζειν). The transl. would then be and he began to weep (EKlostermann; OHoltzmann; JSchniewind; CCD; s. also B-D-F §308). Others (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; 20th Cent.; Weymouth; L-S-J-M) proceed fr. the expressions ἐ. τὸν νοῦν or τὴν διάνοιαν (Diod S 20, 43, 6) and fr. the fact that ἐ. by itself, used w. the dat., can mean think of (M. Ant. 10, 30; Plut., Cic. 862 [4, 4]; Ath. 7, 1 ‘deal with a problem’), to the mng. and he thought of it, or when he reflected on it., viz. Jesus’ prophecy. Wlh. ad loc. has urged against this view that it is made unnecessary by the preceding ἀνεμνήσθη κτλ. Least probable of all is the equation of ἐπιβαλών with ἀποκριθείς (HEwald) on the basis of Polyb. 1, 80, 1; 22, 3, 8; Diod S 13, 28, 5 ἐπιβαλὼν ἔφη. Both REB (‘he burst into tears’) and NRSV (‘he broke down and wept’) capture the sense. Prob. Mk intends the reader to understand a wild gesture connected with lamentation (s. EdeMartino, Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico, ’58, esp. 195–235).

③ to be scheduled for someone’s possession, fall to, belong to, intr., act. an extension of mng. 2, τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος the part that falls to someone (Diod S 14, 17, 5; SIG 346, 36; 546 B, 19; 1106, 80; POxy 715, 13ff; PFouad 25 verso I, 12f; PFay 93, 8; cp. Tob 6:12; Ath., R. 49, 2 τῆς ἐπιβαλλούσης ἑκάστῳ χώρας ‘the place appropriate to each’—Dssm., NB 57 [BS 230]) Lk 15:12 (JDerrett, Law in the NT ’70, 106). Impers. ἐπιβάλλει τινί someone has opportunity or it is proper for someone (Polyb. 18, 51, 1; OGI 443, 10; UPZ 110, 10 [164 B.C.] πᾶσιν ἐπιβάλλει; Tob 3:17; Jos., Bell. 1, 434, Ant. 19, 6) Pol 1:1. Lk 15:12 that which belongs to me, ‘is coming to me’.

④ to apply oneself earnestly to someth., take someth. upon oneself, undertake (lit. ‘throw oneself upon’), mid. w. acc. (Thu. 6, 40, 2; UPZ 41, 26 [161/160 B.C.] πᾶν ὸ̔ ἂν ἐπιβάλλησθε; Just., D. 68, 1 w. inf.) πρᾶξιν Hm 10, 2, 2. πολλά Hs 6, 3, 5.—M-M. TW.

ἀφίστημι:

A causal in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., in [tense] fut. ἀποστήσω, and [tense] aor. I ἀπέστησα, as also in [tense] aor. I [voice] Med. (v. infr.):—put away, remove, keep out of the way,

τὸ ἀσθενέστατον τοῦ στρατεύματος X.HG7.5.23

;

ἄχος A.Ch. 416

(lyr.); of diseases, Dsc.2.96, Gal.13.846;

τὰ συγκείμενα ἀ. ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Pl.Plt. 282b

;

ἀ. τῆς ἐλάας τὸν φλοιόν Thphr.CP3.3.2

;

ἀ. τινὰ λόγου

hinder from..,

E.IT 912

; ἀ. τὰς τῶν πολεμίων ἐπιβουλάς frustrate them, Th.1.93; ἀ. τὸν ἄρχοντα depose him, X.HG7.1.45:—[tense] aor. [voice] Med., Ἀργείων δόρυ πυλῶν ἀπεστήσασθε remoued it from your own gates, E.ph.1087:—in Hdt.9.23 ἀποστήσαντες, = ἀποστάντες, having retired.

2 cause to revolt, of allies, Id.8.19, Ar.Eq. 238, Th.1.81;

τινὰ ἀπό τινος Hdt.1.76

, 154, etc.;

τινά τινος And.3.22

.

3 in geom. constructions, cut off, Procl.Hyp. 6.7.

II weigh out, X.Smp.2.20;

ἀποστησάτωσαν τὰ χρυσία IG7.303.19

([place name] Oropus); pay,

δραχμὰς ή ἀργυρίου UPZ93.2

(ii B.C.): also in [tense] aor. I [voice] Med., μὴ.. ἀποστήσωνται Ἀχαιοὶ χρεῖος lest they weigh out (i. e. pay in full) the debt, Il.13.745, cf. IG12.91.20, al.:—in strict sense of [voice] Med., ἀποστήσασθαι τὸν χαλκόν to have the brass weighed out to one, D.49.52.—Hom. has it trans. only in l.c.

III [voice] Med., give a final decision (or break up, dismiss the assembly), ῥήτρα ap.Plu. Lyc.6.

B intr., in [voice] Pass., as also in [tense] aor. 2 ἀπέστην, imper.

ἀπόστηθι Ar. Th. 627

,

ἀπόστα Men.375

: [tense] pf. ἀφέστηκα in [tense] pres. sense, sync. in pl. ἀφέστᾰμεν, -στᾰτε, -στᾶσι, as in inf. ἀφεστάναι, part. ἀφεστώς, -ῶσα, -ός or - ώς: [tense] plpf. ἀφεστήκειν, [dialect] Att.

- κη Pl.Tht. 208e

: [tense] fut. [voice] Med.

ἀποστήσομαι E.Hec. 1054

, Th.5.64, etc. (while [tense] aor. I [voice] Med. is causal (v. supr.)): for [tense] fut. ἀφεστήξω v. h. v.:— stand away or aloof from, keep far from,

ὅσσον δὲ τροχοῦ ἵππος ἀφίσταται Il.23.517

;

οὐ μέν κ' ἄλλη γ' ὧδε γυνὴ.. ἀνδρὸς ἀφεσταίη Od.23.101

;

ἀποστᾶσ' ἐκποδών E.Hel. 1023

;

ἐς ἄλλο σχῆμ' ἀ. βίου Id.Med. 1039

;

ἀποσταθῶμεν πράγματος τελουμένου A.Ch. 872

; ὡς γραφεὺς (or βραβεὺς)

ἀποσταθείς E.Hec. 807

;

μακρὰν τόποις καὶ χρόνοις ἀ. D.S.13.22

: hence in various relations, ἀφεστάναι φρενῶν lose one's wits, S.Ph. 865;

φύσεος Ar.V. 1457

(lyr.); οὐδενὸς ἀποστήσονται ὅσα ἂν δίκαια λέγητε depart from, object to right proposals, Th.4.118;

ἀ. φόνου E.Or. 1544

; ἀ. ἀρχῆς to be deposed from office, Pl.Lg. 928d; simply, resign, SIG527.105 (Crete, iii B. C.); ἀ. τῶν πραγμάτων, τῆς πολιτείας, etc., withdraw from business, politics, have done with it, D.10.1, 18.308, etc.; ἔργων ἢ πόνων ἢ κινδύνων shun them, Isoc.4.83, cf.X.HG7.5.19, etc.; ὧν εἷλεν ἀποστάς giving up all claim to what he had won (at law), D.21.181;

τῶν αὑτῆς Id.19.147

, cf. 35.4; ἀφίστασθαι τῶν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ib.44;

οὐδενὸς τῶν ἀνηκόντων τῇ πόλει Inscr.Magn.53.65

; τὴν πολιτείαν.. τὴν ἀφεστηκυῖαν τοῦ μέσου πλεῖον further removed from.., Arist.Pol. 1296b8;

ἀποστὰς τῶν πατρῴων Luc.DMort.12.3

; ἀ. ἐκ Σικελίας withdraw from the island, give up the expedition, Th.7.28; retire,

ἐς Ἰθώμην Id.1.101

: rarely c.acc., avoid, shrink from,

τὸν ἥλιον X.Cyn. 3.3

;

τὸν πόλεμον Id.An.2.5.7

;

τινάς E.Fr. 1006

;

πυγμήν Philostr. Gym.20

(prob. cj.).

2 in Prose, ἀ. ἀπό τινος revolt from.., Hdt. 1.95, 130, etc.;

τινός Id.2.113

;

οὐκ ἀποστήσομαι ἀπὸ τοῦ δήμου Ἀθηναίων IG12.39.21

; but Ἀθηναίων τοῦ πλήθους ib.10.22; also ἀ. εἴς or πρός τινας, Hdt.2.30, 162, cf. X.An.1.6.7;

ἐς δημοκρατίαν ἀ. Th.8.90

: abs., revolt, Hdt.1.102, etc.; ὑπό τινος at his instigation, Th.8.35 ( ἀπό codd.).

3 ἀ. τινί make way for another, give way to him, E. Hec. 1054, D.8.37.

4 c. gen., shrink from,

τῶν κινδύνων Isoc.9.29

: also c. inf., shrink from doing,

ἀπέστην τοῦτ' ἐρωτῆσαι σαφῶς E. Hel. 536

.

5 abs., stand aloof, recoil from fear, horror, etc.,

τίπτε καταπτώσσοντες ἀφέστατε; Il.4.340

;

πολλὸν ἀφεσταότες 17.375

;

παλίνορσος ἀπέστη 3.33

, Pi.O.1.52, P.4.145;

ἐγὼ οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἀ. Pl.Tht. 169b

, cf. D.19.45, etc.; desist,

μὴ νῦν -ώμεθα Pl.Lg. 960e

;

δοῦλος ἀφεστώς

a runaway,

Lys.23.7

.

6 Medic., ἀφίσταται, = ἀπόστασις γίγνεται, εἰς ἄρθρα Hp.Aph.4.74; ἀ. ὀστέον exfoliates, ib. 6.45; also

ἀ. ἀπὸ τῶν ὀστῶν Pl.Ti. 84a

;

τὸ δέρμα ἀ. X.Eq.1.5

; also, project, stand out,

ὦτα ἀφεστηκότα PLond.3.1209.12

(i B. C.).

b to be separated by the formation of an abscess, Gal.11.116, al. (also in [voice] Act.,

τὸ πύον ἀφίστησι 7.715

).

ἀνίστημι,

A causal in [tense] pres. ἀνίστημι (later [full] ἀνιστάω S.E.M. 9.61): [tense] impf. ἀνίστην: [tense] fut. ἀναστήσω, poet. ἀνστήσω: [tense] aor. 1 ἀνέστησα, [dialect] Ep. ἄνστησα, [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 3pl.

ὄστασαν Hsch.

: [tense] pf.

ἀνέστακα LXX 1 Ki.15.12

, Arr.Epict.1.4.30: also in [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. ἀνεστησάμην (v. infr. 1.5, 111.6).

I make to stand up, raise up, γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη he raised the old man up by his hand, Il.24.515, cf. Od.14.319;

τί μ' αὖ.. ἐξ ἑδρας ἀνίστατε; S.Aj. 788

;

ἀ. τινὰ ἐκ τῆς κλίνης Pl.Prt. 317e

;

ὀρθὸν ἀ. τινά X.Mem.1.4.11

;

ἀπὸ τοῦ καθαρμοῦ τινα D.18.259

.

2 raisefrom sleep, wake up, Il.10.32, etc.;

εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἀ. τινά Ar.Ec. 740

;

ἀ. τινὰ ὠμόϋπνον Eup.305

: metaph.,

ἀ. νόσον S.Tr. 979

.

3 raise from the dead,

οὐδέ μιν ἀνστήσεις Il.24.551

, cf. A.Ag. 1361, S.El. 139; from misery or misfortune, Id.Ph. 666, Aeschin.1.67.

4 produce a witness, etc. (cf. 111.6),

προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀ. ὁ Θεός Act.Ap.3.22

, al.

5 after Hom., also of things, set up, build, στήλας v.l. in Hdt.2.102;

πύργους X.Cyr.7.5.12

, etc.;

τρόπαια Διί E.Ph. 572

; ἀνδριάντα ἐς Δελφούς Philipp. ap. D.12.21; so ἀ. τινὰ χρυσοῦν, χαλκοῦν (in pure Attic ἱστάναι), set up a golden, brazen statue of him, Plu.2.170e, Brut.1 ([voice] Pass., v. infr. B):—so in [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., ἀναστήσασθαι πόλιν build oneself a city, Hdt.1.165; ἀνεστήσαντο δὲ βωμούς they set them up altars, Call.Dian. 199.

b build up again, restore,

τείχη D.20.68

: metaph.,

θεῶν τιμάς E.HF 852

.

6 put up for sale, Hdt.1.196.

II rouse to action, stir up,

ἀλλ' ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα.. ἄνστησον Il.10.176

, cf. 179, 15.64, etc.: c. dat. pers., raise up against another, τούτῳ δὲ πρόμον ἄλλον ἀναστήσουσιν ib.7.116 (v. infr. B. 1.5): rouse to arms, raise troops, Th.2.68,96;

ἀ. πόλεμον ἐπί τινα Plu.Cor.21

; ἀναστήσας ἦγε στρατόν he called up his troops and marched them, Th.4.93, cf. 112, etc.

III make people rise, break up an assembly by force, Il.1.191; but ἐκκλησίαν ἀναστῆσαι adjourn it, X.HG2.4.42.

2 make people emigrate, transplant (cf. infr. B. 11.2),

ἔνθεν ἀναστήσας ἄγε Od.6.7

;

ἀνίστασαν τοὺς δήμους Hdt.9.73

;

Αἰγινήτας ἐξ Αἰγίνης Th.2.27

; even

γαῖαν ἀναστήσειν A.R.1.1349

;

οἴκους Plu.Publ.21

; also

ἀ. τινὰ ἐκ τῆς ἐργασίας D.18.129

.

3 make suppliants rise and leave sanctuary, Hdt.5.71, Th.1.137, S.OC 276, etc.: also ἀ. στρατόπεδον ἐκ χώρας make an army decamp, Plb.29.27.10;

τὰ πράγματα ἀνίστησί τινα Plu.Alc. 31

.

4 ἀ. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα make to ascend the tribune, Id.2.784c, cf. Cam.32.

5 of sportsmen, put up game, X.An.1.5.3, cf. Cyr.2.4.20 ([voice] Pass.), Cyn.6.23, D.Chr.2.2.

6 μάρτυρα ἀναστής ασθαί τινα call him as one's witness, Pl.Lg. 937a.

B intr. in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. ἀνίσταμαι, -μην, in [tense] fut. ἀναστήσομαι, in [tense] aor. 2 ἀνέστην (but ἀναστῶ, for ἀναστήσω, Crates Com.4D.), imper. ἄστηθι (for ἄν-στηθι) Herod.8.1, part.

ἀστάς IG4.951.112

(Epid.): [tense] pf. ἀνέστηκα, [dialect] Att. [tense] plpf. ἀνεστήκη; also [tense] pf.

ἀνεστέασι Hdt.3.62

: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἀνεστάθην, [dialect] Aeol. part.

ὀσταθείς Hsch.

:—stand up, rise, esp. to speak,

τοῖσι δ' ἀνέστη Il.1.68

, 101, etc.;

ἐν μέσσοισι 19.77

: in [dialect] Att. c. [tense] fut. part., ἀ. λέξων, κατηγορήσων, etc.: so c. inf.,

ἀνέστη μαντεύεσθαι Od.20.380

: in part.,

ἀναστὰς εἶπε E.Or. 885

;

παραινέσεις ἐποιοῦντο ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἀνιστάμενοι Th.8.76

; also, rise from one's seat as a mark of respect,

θεοὶ δ' ἅμα πάντες ἀνέσταν Il.1.533

; ἀπὸ βωμοῦ (cf. A. 111.3) Aeschin.1.84.

2 rise from bed or sleep,

ἐξ εὐνῆς ἀνστᾶσα Il.14.336

, cf. A.Eu. 124;

εὐνῆθεν Od.20.124

;

ὄρθρου ἀ. Hes. Op. 577

;

ὀψέ Ar.V. 217

; οὐδ' ἀνιστάμην ἐκ κλίνης, of a sick person, And.1.64: abs., rise from sleep, Hdt.1.31.

3 rise from the dead, Il.21.56, cf. 15.287, Hdt.3.62, A.Ag. 569;

παρὰ τῶν πλειόνων Ar.Ec. 1073

.

4 rise from an illness, recover,

ἐκ τῆς νούσου Hdt.1.22

, cf. Pl.La. 195c: abs., Th.2.49.

5 rise as a champion, Il.23.709; θανάτων χώρᾳ πύργος ἀνέστα [Oedipus] S.OT 1201: hence c. dat., stand up [to fight against..],

Ἀγκαῖον.., ὅς μοι ἀνέστη Il.23.635

;

μή τίς τοι.. ἄλλος ἀναστῇ Od.18.334

;

Τυφῶνα θοῦρον πᾶσιν ὃς ἀνέστη θεοῖς A.Pr. 354

codd.; v. supr. A.11.

6 rise up, rear itself,

πύργοι E.Ph. 824

(lyr.), cf. Plb.16.1.5; of statues, etc., to be set up, Plu.2.91a, 198f: metaph.,

μή τι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀναστήῃ κακόν Pi.P.4.155

;

πόλεμος D.H.3.23

;

θορύβου ἀναστάντος App.BC1.56

.

7 to be set up, βασιλεύς as king, Hdt.3.66 codd.

8 of a river, rise,

ἐξ ὀρέων Plu.Pomp.34

.

9 [tense] pf. part.,

γῆ γηλόφοισιν ἀνεστηκυῖα Arr.Ind.4.7

: metaph., lofty,

ἀ. τὴν ψυχὴν γενόμενος Eun.Hist.p.233

D.

II rise to go, set out, go away,

εἰς Ἄργος E.Heracl.59

, cf. Th.1.87, 7.49,50;

ἀνίστατο εἰς οἴκημά τι ὡς λουσόμενος Pl.Phd. 116a

.

2 to be compelled to migrate (supr. A. 111.2),

ἐξ Ἄρνης ἀναστάντες ὑπὸ Θεσσαλῶν Th.1.12

, cf. 8: of a country, to be depopulated,

χώρα ἀνεστηκυῖα Hdt.5.29

;

πόλις.. πᾶσ' ἀνέστηκεν δορί E.Hec. 494

; ἡσυχάσασα ἡ Ἑλλὰς καὶ οὐκέτι ἀνισταμένη no longer subject to migration, Th.1.12;

τὴν ἀσφάλειαν.. περιείδετ' ἀνασταθεῖσαν D.19.84

.

3 of a law-court, rise, Id.21.221.

4 cease,

οὐκ, ἀνέστη ἕως ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Psalm.Solom.4.13

.